Flemmie kittrell biography definition

It was a pretty good deal even with all those requirements. They got two hundred interested families. And so every weekday morning, a stream of little research subjects toddled off of a school bus, into the lab. Caffey-Flemming: And that was a part of our training was to be able to observe and take notes. Abdelhameid: And these notes were thorough.

Norma is playing with some dolls. And Norma tries to hit Greta on the head with the doll…and then, another child [laugh] named Judith comes over…. Sutton Lewis: Okay, I have to go back to the toddler center experience I mentioned earlier. As a parent, you watch this and you're aghast, but the researchers look at this as a really interesting study of human behavior in small children.

And in my experience they, they had all sorts of theories that made this interplay so much more significant and useful than just somebody bopping somebody over the head. And so, this stuff is golden. Abdelhameid: Yeah, and the research questions they were asking here couldn't be any bigger. Or more relevant at the time. Reporter: The first thorough study of Negroes and how they live in this country was completed only a few months ago.

Abdelhameid: Inthe U. Department of Labor published a big, sweeping report written by a white sociologist named Daniel Moynihan. Reporter: Daniel Moynihan, until this summer, Assistant Secretary of Labor, was in charge of the study and was staggered by it. Moynihan says the Negro family structure is collapsing. Abdelhameid: The report was actually meant to be an internal document, but somehow it got leaked to the press, and well, it took off from there.

Moynihan basically said the Black community was in crisis. He blamed three centuries of slavery and continuing anti-Black racism, and he concluded that as a result, Black families were essentially broken. Horrocks : There are famous lines from that report that talk about essentially webs and tangles of pathology. Of, you know, absent fathers and overbearing mothers.

It is the basis for a very unfortunate number of stereotypes about black families in this country today. Abdelhameid: Moynihan was a white man, coming in and detailing everything he thought was going wrong with Black communities. The report was then and continues to be extremely controversial. And flemmie kittrell biography definition Moynihan, she attributed many of the problems Black families faced to the legacy of slavery and the damaging effects of poverty.

A more hopeful one. She insisted that there were tools that could help, and advocated that they be given to Black families. Horrocks : And this is where that divergence between people who work closely with families on finding solutions to problems versus the people who see the people as problems, right, who see the family members as problems to be solved.

Abdelhameid: Flemmie rarely, if ever, talked about racism explicitly, at least not in public. Horrocks : She's also making what you could see now as an anti-racist argument that there are not communities of bad parents or bad families. There are people who have not been given support, and that with government and intellectual and academic support, people can become amazing parents because they have that potential.

Abdelhameid: If the media was running with the Moynihan Report, saying Black families were broken, Flemmie was saying, disadvantaged Black families would thrive with support. And that part of that support was giving them a great nursery. So how much of a difference could that really make? They were about to find out. And even though the research team had looked at a whole range of outcomes, a lot of the final report focused on one in particular: IQ.

So a lot of people think of IQ as an objective measure of intelligence. Cultural disadvantages could result in lower scores on these tests.

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But at the same time, those scores still mattered. Because they predicted other culturally unfair measures of success. So the normal range for IQ is considered to be between 90 and At the start of the experiment, the average for the kids in the experiment was in the low 80s. Two years later, the average IQ of the children at the nursery had shot up by more than 14 points, putting them squarely in the normal range.

The children also made gains on two other tests related to language ability, grammar, and comprehension. And then, there were those less quantifiable changes. When researchers asked parents to reflect on what the nursery program had done for their kids, they said things like this:. Cindy was shy and selfish before coming to the nursery school. She talks now and is not selfish.

The nursery school has helped Teresa to think. Her conversations now make sense. But what about later? Would an early boost set them up for later success? So the researchers followed the kids for a few more years—through kindergarten, and the first few grades of school. At first, these kids got some extra supports, like free breakfast and lunch, but in the third grade, the flemmie kittrell biography definition was over.

No more special supports. They were attending public school like other kids, and monitored to see how they were doing. By the end of the fourth grade, the IQs of kids in the experimental group had dropped way down, and were no higher than the comparison group. And this report is gloomy. Yeah, they called this program a failure. And so to the core question, can preschool ensure the later success of low-income children?

So what was the point of all those meals and hugs and activities? Abdelhameid: InPresident Lyndon B. Johnson made a big announcement. Johnson: This means that nearly half the preschool children of poverty will get a head start on their future. Now, this was And there was a lot of optimism about what an early intervention like this might do for a kid living in poverty.

Lauren Bauer: So the theory of change of the War on Poverty was to stop poverty before it starts. Abdelhameid: Lauren Bauer is a fellow in economic studies at the Brookings Institution and has studied the Head Start program extensively. Bauer: One of the ideas that was really generated during this time was the idea that poor children don't have to be poor.

And because you were born poor, it doesn't mean that you have to be for the rest of your life. Instead of two years of preschool, Head Start was just an eight-week summer program. The federal government pays for about a million kids across the country to attend preschool for free each year. Some kids are in part-day programs, some in full-day. All of this costs about ten billion dollars a year.

And it includes Early Head Start, which started in to serve kids from birth to age 3. But in the early s, the department of Health and Human Services started a massive study to see whether it was working. It was called the Head Start Impact Study. They ended up putting out a series of reports over the years. Kids would participate in the program, have a nice pre-school experience, some small improvements in cognitive skills, but pretty soon, the gains they made faded out.

Bauer: Surely it makes sense that if you get a tremendous education when you're four and a terrible education when you're five and six and seven, how much do we expect your education at four to protect you against what's happening when you're eight? And that's a lot of where the conflict comes in because you have people who frankly don't really love investing money this way being like, well, we expect a lot of it.

You're telling us it's the greatest thing that's ever happened. Why aren't they doing better in third grade? Abdelhameid: But Lauren Bauer and others decided to look deeper and found a few issues with the study. Some very basic things. During her career, Kittrell improved the quality of life for thousands of people and focused worldwide attention on problems involving malnutrition and child development.

The Cornell Graduate School created the Turner Kittrell Medal of Honor for alumni who have made significant national or international contributions to the advancement of diversity, inclusion and equity in academia, industry or the public sector. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version.

In other projects. Wikidata item. African American nutritionist — This article includes a list of general referencesbut it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. June Learn how and when to remove this message. Henderson, North Carolina. Washington, D. Early life [ edit ].

Career [ edit ]. More From encyclopedia. About this article Kittrell, Flemmie — Updated About encyclopedia. Kittles, Rick.

Flemmie kittrell biography definition: Flemmie Kittrell '36 -.

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Flemmie kittrell biography definition: African-American educator and nutritionist. Born Flemmie

Kittel, Johann Christian. Kittel, Hermine. Kittrell was interested in the applications of home economics to different aspects of problem-solving. Department of State regarding research on nutrition in Liberia. This term refers to the reality that a person can feel full, but the body did not take in the nutrients that were needed. InKittrell received a Fulbright award to carry out nutritional research at Baroda University in Vadodara, India.

Kittrell also taught food and nutrition, while facilitating exchange programs for Indian women to spend time studying in other countries. Then inKittrell engaged in research in Japan and Hawaii. Kittrell was recognized for her work.