Death of zia ul haq biography

With the partition of the Indian subcontinent inZia joined the brand new Pakistani Army, where he made a career in command, training or organization. Inwith the rank of lieutenant colonel, was destined to the School of Quetta. In he was promoted to general of brigade and in to general of division. In such a position and in a context of serious conflict following the legislative elections won by Bhutto and reported as fraudulent by the oppositionon 5 July Zia led a bloodless coup, suspended political parties and was proclaimed Chief administrator of martial law.

Became a dictator formally assumed the presidency of the Republic in SeptemberZia severely repressed the never-silent protests of the civil opposition and undertook a gradual Islamization of Pakistani society, in which he found the support of the traditional parties and Opposed to the secularism that Bhutto had represented. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.

Death of zia ul haq biography: Born: Aug. 12, ,

If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. Forgot your password? Retrieve it. Who was Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq? We need you! Help us build the largest biographies collection on the web! The law prohibited derogatory remarks against Islamic personages and carried a three-year prison sentence.

In declaring anything implying disrespect to the Islamic prophet MuhammadAhl al-Bayt family members of MuhammadSahabah companions of Muhammad or Sha'ar-i-Islam Islamic symbols was made a cognizable offensepunishable with imprisonment or fine, or both. Traditional religious madrassas in Pakistan received state sponsorship for the first time, under General Zia-ul-Haq's administration, [ ] their number grew from to 2, Most were Deobandi in doctrinal orientation, while one-quarter of them were Barelvi.

In a address to the nation, Zia decried the Western culture and music in the country. Soon afterward, PTVthe national television network ceased playing music videos and only patriotic songs were broadcast. It was under Zia and the economic prosperity of his era that the country's urban middle and lower-middle-classes expanded and Western s fashion wear and hairstyle spread in popularity, and rock music bands gained momentum, according to leftist cultural critic Nadeem F.

During his tenure, he oversaw the passing of an ordinance for the welfare of people with disabilities. The ordinance is called "The Disabled Persons Employment and Rehabilitation Ordinance, " and it was passed into law on 29 December It provides measures for the employment, rehabilitation, and welfare of people with disabilities. As time passed, the legislature wanted to have more freedom and power and by the beginning ofrumours about the differences between Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo and Zia were rife.

It is said by some that Zia-Junejo rift was encouraged by late Mahboob-ul-Haq and Junejo's insistence on signing Geneva pact without deciding the composition of next government of Afghanistan before Soviet withdrawal. Junejo also gave Benazir a seat next to him in parleys before that. Junejo did not strengthen the Islamization drive and rather weakened it.

Ojhri Camp blast had irreversibly weakened Zia. Junejo was committed to make an investigation into the Ojhri camp disaster. After defeat of Soviet army, America wanted to audit the ammunition and missiles supplied to Pakistan for mujahidin, most of which has been stored by Pakistan for future targets against India or other enemies. So Zia planned this event in a very cruel manner, having sacrificed the lives of people of Pakistan for fulfillment of their own agenda.

Apart from many other reasons, Prime Minister Junejo's decision to sign the Geneva Accord against the wishes of Zia, and his open declarations of removing any military personnel found responsible for an explosion at a munitions dump at Ojhri Campon the outskirts of army headquarters in Rawalpindiearlier in the year, proved to be some of the major factors responsible for his removal.

Relations with India worsened amid the Siachen conflict and accusations that Pakistan was aiding the Khalistan movement. Zia promised to hold elections in after the dismissal of Junejo government. He said that he would hold elections within the next 90 days. The late Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's daughter Benazir Bhutto had returned from exile earlier inand had announced that she would be contesting the elections.

With Bhutto's popularity somewhat growing, and a decrease in international aid following the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, Zia was in an increasingly difficult political situation. Zia died in a plane crash on 17 August The aircraft departed from Bahawalpur Airport and was expected to reach Islamabad International Airport.

Witnesses who saw the plane in the air afterward claim it was flying erratically, then nosedived and exploded on impact. Wassom, the head of the US military aid mission to Pakistan. Conditions surrounding his death have given rise to many conspiracy theories. A board of inquiry was set up to investigate the crash. It concluded 'the most probable cause of the crash was a criminal act of sabotage perpetrated in the aircraft'.

It also suggested that poisonous gases were released which incapacitated the passengers and crew, which would explain why no Mayday signal was given. A flight recorder black box was not located after the crash even though previous C aircraft did have them installed. His funeral was held on 19 August near Islamabad. Nearly one million mourners joined in chants of "Zia ul-Haq, you will live as long as the sun and moon remain above.

Shultz also laid a floral wreath at Zia's grave. Ziaism is a political ideology implemented in Pakistan from to by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Even after his death, Zia-ul-Haq remained a highly polarizing and widely discussed figure in the country's intellectual and political circles. Indian journalist Kallol Bhattacherjee, an author of a book on Afghanistan, said:.

He was unique and multidimensional like all complex characters of South Asian history. I admire Zia's guts, though not his methods, especially in regards to Islam. He successfully took on nuclear India and changed the balance of power that Indira Gandhi created in the war and broke all rules to acquire nuclear weapons for Pakistan. Historians and political scientists widely discussed and studied his policy making skills, some authors noting him as " The Ringmaster ", [ 1 ] " Master of Illusion " [ ] and " Master Tactician ".

To this day, Zia remains a polarizing figure in Pakistan's historycredited with preventing wider Soviet incursions into the region as well as economic prosperity, but decried for weakening democratic institutions, passing laws encouraging religious intolerance, [ ] [ ] and depreciating the rupee with managed float policies. With the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistanthe executive powers General Zia had legislated were permanently removed from the Constitution of Pakistan.

Zia is credited with stopping an expected Soviet invasion of Pakistan. Former Saudi intelligence chief Prince Turki Al-Faisalwho worked with Zia during the s against the Soviets, described Zia in the following words: "He was a very steady and smart person with a geo-strategic death of zia ul haq biography, particularly after the invasion by Soviets.

He was very dedicated in preventing the Soviet invasion of Pakistan. Star of Jordan Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikidata item. President of Pakistan from to For other uses, see Zia-ul-Haq disambiguation. Official military portrait.

Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry Himself. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Muhammad Junejo. Shafiq Jahan. Stephen's College Indian Military Academy. This article is part of a series about. Early life and family [ edit ]. Military service [ edit ]. Early career and partition [ edit ]. Role in Black September [ edit ]. Ascent to Chief of Army Staff [ edit ]. Military coup [ edit ].

Pre-coup unrest [ edit ]. Further information: Operation Fair Play. Dictatorship — [ edit ]. Postponement of elections and call for accountability [ edit ]. The doctrine of necessity [ edit ]. Main article: Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto trial [ edit ]. Appointment of martial law administrators [ edit ]. Martial law judges [ edit ].

Main article: Supreme Court of Pakistan. Martial law governors [ edit ].

Death of zia ul haq biography: General Zia-ul-Haq, the sixth president of

Assumption of the post of President of Pakistan [ edit ]. Political structural changes [ edit ]. Formation of Majlis-e-Shoora [ edit ]. Main articles: Parliament of PakistanTechnocracyand Bureaucracy. Economic policy [ edit ]. Main article: Market corporatization in Pakistan. United States sponsorship [ edit ]. Foreign affairs [ edit ]. Soviet—Afghan War [ edit ].

Main article: Soviet—Afghan War. Iran—Iraq War [ edit ]. Main article: Pakistan in the Iran—Iraq War. Consolidation of atomic bomb program [ edit ]. Nuclear diplomacy [ edit ]. Nuclear proliferation [ edit ]. Expansion [ edit ].

Death of zia ul haq biography: In August , while travelling

The legacy of the Soviet-Afghan war [ edit ]. Islamization of Pakistan [ edit ]. Main article: Islamization of Pakistan. Hudood Ordinance [ edit ]. Main article: Hudood Ordinance. Islamic Law [ edit ]. Blasphemy ordinances [ edit ]. Madrassa expansions [ edit ]. Cultural policies [ edit ]. Main article: New wave of rock music in Pakistan Welfare of the people with disabilities [ edit ].

Dismissal of the Junejo government and call for new elections [ edit ]. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. June Learn how and when to remove this message. Death [ edit ]. Main article: Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.

Shultz, [ ]. Legacy [ edit ]. Ziaism [ edit ]. This section is an excerpt from Ziaism. Public image [ edit ]. In Pakistan [ edit ]. Outside Pakistan [ edit ]. Portrayals in popular culture [ edit ]. Awards and decorations [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Herald Magazine. Retrieved 8 May Encyclopedia Britannica.

Retrieved 20 October The Rediff Special. Retrieved 28 September The News. Archived from the original on 19 November Retrieved 13 November Archived from the original on 18 December The Tribune. Archived from the original on 28 September Archived from the original on 13 July Business Recorder. The Nation. Christian Science Monitor. Encyclopedia of the Developing World.

Psychology Press. ISBN Retrieved 24 March Not only myself, but may future generations will be eternally grateful to you for singling me out for such a great honor, and this is a favour which I can never forget. Pakistan: Nationalism Without a Nation. Archived from the original on 27 April Archived from the original on 7 December Retrieved 7 December Retrieved 7 November Archived from the original on 23 February Strategic Analysis.

Pakistan, a Modern History. NY: St. Martin's Press. PML Public Press. Pakistan Muslim League. Archived from the original on 9 February Retrieved 29 December Perhaps now some political leaders sensed that the General's game was different Many people now [] believe that the General had his plan ready when he took over the reins of government, and had been astutely following the plan when he announced the postponement of the elections.

Roedad Khan. Archived from the original on 11 February Retrieved 16 November It is a booklet with twelve or ten pages. Takeoff was smooth and without problems. At PKT Bahawalpur control tower lost contact, and the plane plunged from the sky and struck the ground with such force that it was blown to pieces and wreckage scattered over a wide area. Witnesses cited in Pakistan's official investigation said that the C began to pitch "in an up-and-down motion" while flying low shortly after takeoff before going into a "near-vertical dive", exploding on impact, killing all on board.

There were many investigations into this crash but no satisfactory cause was ever found. Washington sent a team of United States Air Force officers to assist the Pakistanis in the investigation, but the two sides reached sharply different conclusions, leading to distrust as well as many arguments and fights. Mahmud Ali Durrani also blamed the C which he said historically had issues.

Robert Oakleywho replaced Arnold Raphel as U. He has pointed out that 20 or 30 Cs have suffered similar incidents. He has identified the mechanical fault as a problem with the hydraulics in the tail assembly. Although USAF pilots had handled similar emergencies, the Pakistani pilots were less well equipped to do so, lacking C experience and also flying low.

Ronan Farrow indicates that the FBI had a statutory authority to investigate the event but was ordered by Shultz "to stay away". Some weeks after the crash, a page summary of a secret page report was released by Pakistani investigators in which they said that they had found evidence of possible problems with the aircraft's elevator booster package, as well as frayed or snapped control cables.

Analysis by a U. It cited the aircraft-maker Lockheed as saying that "even with the level of contamination found in the system, they have not normally experienced any problems other than wear". The report concluded that the contamination of the elevator booster package might at worst have caused sluggish controls leading to overcontrol but not to an accident.

In the absence of a mechanical cause, the Pakistani inquiry concluded that the crash was due to an act of sabotage. They found no conclusive evidence of an explosion on the aircraft but said that chemicals that could be used in small explosives were detected in mango seeds and a piece of rope found on the aircraft. They also added that "the use of a chemical agent to incapacitate the pilots and thus perpetuate the accident therefore remains a distinct possibility".

Journalist and author Mohammed Hanifwho became head of Urdu-language service at BBCtold American journalist Dexter Filkins that, while working in London afterhe "became consumed" with determining how Zia was killed. Hanif "made phone calls and researched the lives of those around Zia", attempting to assess possible perpetrators—"the C. He stated he was "met with silence".

I realized, there's no way in hell I'll ever find out. The possible assassins are a senior Pakistani Army officer, a Trade Union on behalf of a murder official, a crow on behalf of a blind woman imprisoned for fornication after a rape and the son of an army officer killed by Zia. Of all the violent political deaths in the twentieth century, none with such great interest to the U.

No evidence has come to light to prove a conspiracy, but there have been several theories variously implicating the Soviet Union, India as well as the United States. Zia's death "entails the mist of conspiracy theory ". However, Raphel's widow has stated that her husband always planned to join Zia on the aircraft, and that it was General Wassom who was added at the last minute.

People have also pointed to some senior dissatisfied generals of the Pakistan Army itself. Some suspected the anti-Zia death of zia ul haq biography al-Zulfiqarled by Murtaza Bhuttobrother of Benazir Bhuttowho would ultimately gain most from Zia's departure. Zia's son Ijaz-ul-Haq told Barbara Crossette a year after the crash that he was " percent sure" that Murtaza was involved.

Benazir Bhutto suggested that the fatal crash might well have been an "act of God". The Government of Pakistan announced to hold the state funeral given the Zia-ul-Haq who was buried with military honors in a specially crafted white marble tomb, adjacent to Shah Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. Key American politicians, U. His funeral was held on 19 August in the capital of Islamabadjust 70 hours after the crash.

During the ceremony, nearly 1 million mourners chanted "Zia ul-Haq, you will live as long as the sun and moon remain above.